Aleksandra Gliszczyńska-Grabias is Professor of International Human Rights Law at the Institute of Law Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences. Her research fields include constitutional law, freedom of speech, vulnerable groups rights and legal governance over memory. Co-editor and co-author of “The Politics of Memory Laws Russia, Ukraine and Beyond” (Hart, 2025) and “Constitutionalism under Stress” (OUP, 2020). Principal Investigator in international research projects, including ‘The Challenge of Populist Memory Politics for Europe: Towards Effective Responses to Militant Legislation on the Past’. Between June 2024 and August 2025 she served as the Head of Advisory Council to the Polish Minister of Justice and Prosecutor General on counteracting hate crimes and hate speech. In March 2025 she joined the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA). This contribution was prepared under the Bekker Programme, sponsored by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange.